IBanga le-11 liye lafunda malunga nokwakheka kwee-athom, kubandakanywa nefuthe le-electron excitation. Imibala emfanekisweni iveliswa ngenxa yee-elektroni kwii-ion zetsimbi ziba “nemincili” emva kokuthatha amandla ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba “yi-absorption”. Xa ii-electron zilahlekelwa amandla kwakhona, zikhupha i-wavelengths yokukhanya kwaye siyakwazi ukuchonga isinyithi nge-spectrum esiyikhuphayo. Olu lingelo lubonisa umbono wotshintsho lwe-quantum kulungiselelo lwee-electron, olusisikhokelo esibaluleke ngokwenene kwindlela ezisebenza ngayo iiathom. Ezi zinyithi zisetyenziswayo zihlala zifunyanwa kwiziqhushumbisi ukuzinika imibala yazo.
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