Kalasi 11 akhala akuphunzira za kapangidwe ka ma atomu, kuphatikizapo zotsatira za kutengeka kwa ma elekitironi. Mitundu yomwe ili pachithunzichi imapangidwa chifukwa cha ma electron mu ayoni achitsulo kukhala "okondwa" atatenga mphamvu kudzera mu njira yotchedwa "mayamwidwe". Ma elekitironi akataya mphamvu kachiwiri, amatulutsa mawonekedwe a kutalika kwa kuwala ndipo timatha kuzindikira zitsulo ndi sipekitiramu yomwe imatulutsa. Kuyesera uku kukuwonetsa lingaliro la kusintha kwachulukidwe mu dongosolo la ma electron, lomwe ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri cha momwe ma atomu amagwirira ntchito. Zitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimapezeka muzozimitsa moto kuti zizipereka mitundu yake.
International School 
